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Boss: 5 Case Studies of Local Politics in the Philippines
On February 28, 1995, Masbate Representative Tito Espinosa was killed on his way to a celebration of the passage of an electoral reform bill. He was killed, most people believe, by his political opponents from the violence-prone provincial politics of Masbate. Espinosa was not killed because he supported electoral reform. But it might be said that he died because of the failure of electoral reform to lessen the use of violence in Philippine electoral contests.
Successful reform means changing the way people act. Changes in political action are accompanied by changes in the way people think about politics. Unfortunately, debilitating dichotomous infect political discourse in this country. There is a big difference between what politicians and power brokers say on public platforms or in press conferences, and what they discuss among themselves in the backrooms or in the coffeshops between the language everyday politicsand the language of reform. The accumulation and exercise of power-the proper subject of politics – is only dimly glimpsed in media ad academic discussion of politics.
Media reports of looming electoral battles occasionally resort to the language of cockfighting – identifying who are llamado and who are dejado among the fighting cocks, detailing how the fighters are grouped together in the grand nationwide “slasher derby” called elections. Hardly anything, however is said about what is at stake, the amounts wagered by big spenders and penny-ante bettors.
In elections, voters and candidates share the cockfighting ethos. Many voters genuinely enjoy the thrill of the contest, cheering their candidates on, taking sides before and after the actual election. But there is a large chunk of discourse that is no public.
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