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Indonesia 1963
The Indonesian Constitution stipulates that the highest authority in the State is the MADJELIS PERMUSJAWARATAN RAKJAT. Composed of representatives from all groups in society, including the political parties, and from all regions of the country, the Madjelis exercises the People's Sovereignty in full and determines the broad lines of state policy, thus deciding the general course or direction which the Republic is to take in a given period of not longer than five years. The Madielis elects the PRESIDENT as its Mandatary to execute the policy it has determined. The President is therefore the Chief Executive. He enacts laws in concurrence with the Dewan Perwakilan Rakiat and is entitled to issue executory Regulations and Orders. The DEWAN PERWAKILAN RAKIAT is a house of people's representatives which holds legislative power in concurrence with the President. All members of the Dewan are ex officio members of the Madjelis, and thus, through holding legislative power in concurrence with the President, are in a position to ensure that the President executes his mandate carefully and well. The COUNCIL OF MINISTERS is composed of persons who are appointed by the President as his assistants. The Ministers lead the Government Departments. They are responsible only to the President who has thus undivided responsibility for all executive functions. The SUPREME ADVISORY COUNCIL acts like a kind of "brains trust" for the President, considering matters he raises or taking its own initiative over an issue. The GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENTS are the usual administrative organisations, most of which have regional offices. These are the bodies comprising the basic political structure of the Republic of Indonesia as stipulated by the Constitution.
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