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Les Miserable Volume One
The events portrayed in Les Miserables span the period between October 1815 (Jean Valjean’s arrival in Digne) and the summer of 1833 (the death of Valjean). But, to either side of these dates, there are flashbacks to the French Revolution of 1789 and to the Napoleonic Wars as well as flashforwards to the revolutionary events of 1848 and to the early days of Louis-Napoleon's Second Empire (1852-1870). Hugo's belief is that the historical events underpinning his fiction can only be understood in terms of what preceded them; and in turn that subsequent developments, whether realised at the time of writting or projected into the future, are determined by the events represented in the narrative.
After Napoleon's defeat at Waterloo on 18 June 1815 ( the subject of all of II, I) and his subsequent abdication, the allied powers (chiefly England, Rusia, and Prussia) agreed that the discredited Bourbon monarchy should be restored to the French throne. The period 1815-1830 in French political history is accordingly known as the (Bourbon) Restoration. Louis XVIII (1755-1824), the grandson of Louis XV and the brother of the guillotined Louis XVI, was the first of two restored Bourbon Kings.
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